A pipe reducer is a type of pipe fitting that reduces the nominal bore from a bigger inner diameter to a smaller inner diameter. Piping and Pipeline Systems are not of uniform size and there is a...

What is a Flanged Elbow? Flanged pipe bends or flanged elbows are piping elbows connected with flange fitting to fitting. This means there is no spool or pipe piece in between the elbow endpoint(...

What if Above Ground Piping Continuation is Unknown? The correct model and boundary conditions are very important for accurate piping stress analysis. Unfortunately, some inexperienced piping...

Pressure Gauges are pressure measuring instruments. Pressure and Temperature are two very important parameters for all chemical industries. So, pressure measurement is of utmost importance. There are...

What is a hazardous area? A hazardous area is an area in which an explosive gas atmosphere (flammable gases or vapors, combustible dust, flammable liquids, ignitable fibers, etc.) is present, or...

In piping stress analysis, both the subject terms i.e, Sustained Stress and Expansion Stress are widely used. For all the piping systems which need analysis, the calculated sustained and expansion...