What is NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)? NFPA Codes and Standards (PDF)
Fire has been both a crucial element in human progress and a formidable force of destruction throughout history. As communities have grown and technology has advanced, so too have the challenges of...
The full form of PSSR is Pre-Startup Safety Review. It is an important element of the process safety management program. For chemical, petrochemical, oil and gas industries, safety is very important...
What are Lower Explosive Limits (LEL) and Upper Explosive Limits (UEL)? (With PDF)
Explosive limits give the concentration range of a fuel (gas/vapor) that will cause an explosion or fire in the presence of an igniting source. There are two kinds of explosive limits that are widely...
What Is White Rust? Its Formation, Prevention, and Treatment (PDF)
Galvanized steel is widely used to protect steel from rust or corrosion. A thin coating of zinc is fused to the steel surface in the galvanization process which prevents the steel from to expose on a...
What is a Fire Pump? Working, Sizing, and Types of Fire Pumps (PDF)
Fire pumps are one of the essential components of most water-based fire protection systems, especially for high-rise taller buildings and structures. Their main job is to increase the water pressure...
What is Nitrogen Purging? Applications, Procedures, and Benefits of N2 Purging (PDF)
Nitrogen purging plays an important role in the safety and functioning of various plants that are susceptible to fire hazards. In fire and explosion protection engineering, an inert (ie,...
