flow induced vibration meaning

What is Flow-Induced Vibration or FIV? Flow-Induced Vibration or FIV is a large-amplitude, low frequency (generally <100 Hz) vibration that can occur in piping systems carrying high-velocity turbulent fluids. Flow-induced Vibration i.e, the fluid flow generates high kinetic energy that forces the piping system to vibrate (Piping Vibration is induced in the system by Fluid flow). It is more prevalent near the turbulent sources such as pipe bends, reducers, branch connections (Tee connections), partially closed valves, process equipment connections, etc. Flow-Induced Vibration in Pipes In recent days, risk due to flow-induced vibration has increased a lot due to Increased flow rate (high velocity) that results in a high level of turbulent energyUse of thin-walled piping i.e high D/t ratioLong support span which results in flexible piping Sample Piping Displacement during FIV Effect of Flow-Induced Vibration Flow-Induced vibration displaces the piping system in the longitudinal and transverse direction and in some cases leads to damage to the pipe supports. Considering the momentum flux (density X velocity2), High-density Liquids are more prone to Flow-Induced Vibration as compared to gases. Flow-Induced Vibration Analysis DEP 31.38.01.26 (Design and Engineering Practice by Shell Global Solutions International) provides detailed steps for screening piping systems for Flow-Induced Vibration (FIV) by calculating momentum flux (density X velocity2) and categorizes failure susceptibility into three groups: Negligible, Medium and High. They also suggest further steps to follow when the susceptibility falls on Medium or High Category. For High category vibration susceptibility fluids, Likelihood Of Failure (LOF) needs to be calculated following detailed steps mentioned in Energy Institute guidelines for the avoidance of vibration induced fatigue failure in process pipework. The aim of the piping engineer will be to keep LOF below 0.3. However, if LOF is more than 0.3 then corrective actions need to be taken to mitigate the vibration possibility. Flow-Induced Vibration Steps The steps for detailed flow-induced vibration analysis based on the Energy Institute Guidelines (Use this guide for equations) are provided in the image below: Flow Induced Vibration Steps Mitigation of Flow-Induced Vibration Flow-Induced Vibration or FIV normally takes a long time to cause fatigue failure. Hence, it is usually resolved when vibration is observed physically after commissioning the plant. The most common mitigation is to add supports or restraints. By adding the appropriate guide and line stop supports, i.e by increasing system rigidity, the damaging effect of FIV can be reduced a lot. These added supports will minimize the shaking tendency of the pipe, thus reducing the tendency of pipe failure. Other mitigations against Flow-Induced Vibration in Piping Systems could be Reduce fluid velocity by increasing pipe size or by changing process conditions.Increase system rigidity by increasing pipe wall thickness.Install viscous damper, shock arrestor, snubber, etc in the piping systemReduce no turbulent sources like elbows, reducers, etc.Tighten the clearances in-between pipe and supports.Stress concentration at branches can be reduced by contoured fittings and gussets on Smallbore connections Few more related Resources for you.What is Acoustic-Induced Vibration or AIV?What is Flow-Induced Vibration (FIV) in a Piping SystemBasics of Vibration Monitoring: A PresentationMotion Amplification Technology (MAT) for Piping Vibration VisualizationCommon Causes and Effects of Piping VibrationSolving vibration problems in a two-phase flowline by Dynaflow Research GroupConsiderable points while installing centrifugal pumps at the site to reduce vibration References and Further Study DEP 31.38.01.26 V43Energy Institute guidelines for the avoidance of vibration induced fatigue failure in process pipework https://www.bechtel.com/getattachment/Blog/technical/October-2019/Differentiating-Between-Acoustic-and-Flow-Induced/Differentiating-Between-Acoustic-and-Flow-Vibrations.pdf