Vessel – What Is Piping: All about Piping Engineering

Many a time during our day to day engineering services we need to calculate several important dimensions from Nozzle Orientation drawing (Part of Equipment GA drawing) of the pressure vessel. This article will provide a sample case study for distance calculation between the center lines of Dish and Nozzle from the Pressure Vessel Nozzle Orientation Drawing. Before starting the calculation, we need to know the different types of Dishes used for the pressure vessel and the terms related to it. Types of Pressure Vessel Dishes There are mainly three types of Dish used for pressure vessel- Tori-sphericalEllipsoidalHemispherical 1. Tori-spherical Dish - It is also called Tori-spherical Head or Ends. This dish is used for horizontal and vertical both types of vessel, which is used to store liquids and gasses, a pressure range of 0.2 N/mm2 to 1.5 N/mm2. Crown Radius (CR) for Tori-Spherical Dish is equal to the Inside Diameter (ID) of the shell/dish. The Knuckle Radius is between 6% to 10% of the Inside Diameter (ID) of the shell/dish and the Straight Face (SF) is between 10mm to 30mm depending upon the thickness of the shell/dish. Fig. 1: Tori-spherical Dish Crown Radius, Knuckle Radius and Straight Face Refer to Fig. 2 below. Crown Radius (CR)- The radius of the sphere is called the crown radius (radius with reference to the shell).Knuckle Radius (KR)- The radius of the torus is called the knuckle radius (radius with reference to the dish). Fig. 2: Knuckle and Crown Radius Straight Face (SF)- The straight face is normally considered as 3.5 times the thickness of the shell/dish. 2. Ellipsoidal Dish- It is also called Ellipsoidal Head or Ends. It is comparatively deeper than a Tori-spherical dish and therefore able to resist higher pressures. This is costlier to form than a Tori-spherical dish and the pressure range is above 1.5 N/mm2. Crown Radius (CR) for Ellipsoidal Dish is 0.9 times the Inside Diameter (ID) of the shell/dish and Knuckle Radius (KR) is 0.177 times the Inside Diameter (ID) of the shell/dish. Fig. 3: Ellipsoidal Dish 3. Hemispherical Dish- It is also called Hemispherical Head or Ends. It is clear from the name that this type of dish is a Hemisphere with throughout constant radius. This type of dish is used for a high-pressure application, which is of higher thickness, therefore not preferred where space is less. It does not consist of Crown Radius (CR) and Knuckle Radius (KR) but, replaced with the Radius (R) I; e 0.5 times the Inside Diameter (ID) of the shell/dish. Fig. 4: Hemispherical Dish Formulas required for calculation Dish typeCrown Radius(CR)Knuckle Radius(KR)Dish HeightTori-spherical= ID0.06*ID0.1*ID (mostly used)0.16*ID0.194*IDEllipsoidal0.9*ID0.177*ID0.25*IDHemispherical0.5*ID0.5*ID0.5*IDTable No. 1Notes:1. For Hemispherical, crown and knuckle radius will be replaced with Constant Radius(R).2. ID means Inside Diameter of dish/shell. Input from Client Case No.Dish TypeInside Diameter(ID) in mmThickness of DishNozzle SizeNozzle Projection in mmNozzle TypeRating1.Tori-spherical3000206"200WN150#2.Ellipsoidal4500258"200WN150#3.Hemispherical8500352"150WN150#Table No. 2 Steps for Calculation Step-1. Draw the free-hand cross-section drawing of shell and dish as drawn figure no. 5 Note: We are solving case no. 1, refer table no. 2 Fig. 5: Nozzle Orientation Drawing Step-2. Finding CR-KR, IR-KR, and Dish Height (refer figure no. 5 for each step). We know from formula,CR=ID=3000 mmKR=0.1*ID=0.1*3000=300 mmDish Height=0.194*ID=0.194=3000=582 mmSo, CR-KR (Distance AB) = 3000-300=2700 mm IR-KR (Distance EB) = 1500-300=1200 mm Step-3. Finding Ɵ using the Pythagoras theorem Step-4. Finding Distance FC using the Pythagoras theorem. Step-5. Calculation of the center-line distance Now, we can get Distance between CL of Nozzle to CL of Shell as follows: So, CL to CL Distance = 1333 - (84+25) = 1224 mmNote- This is the minimum distance required for Installing Nozzle for this particular case. Similarly, we can calculate the distance for different sizes of nozzles and for others Heads. Step-6. Calculate the Distance between the Tangent Line(TL) of Dish to Face of Flange (FOF) It is also an important dimension for Nozzle Orientation Drawings.TL to FOF Distance = Nozzle Projection + Thickness of Dish + Distance EG Note- a. Check Projection of Nozzle in Databook or Equipment MDS. b. Thickness is given in Table no.- 2. C. Distance EG needs to calculate Using the Pythagoras theorem. EG= AG-AESo, Hence, EG=2739-2418=321 mmTherefore, TL to FOF Distance = 200+20+321 = 541 mm Important Note- These are the dimensions that will be constant, But the Angle Projection can be any as per the requirements of the project. Few more related resources for you..A short Presentation on Basics of Pressure VesselsBrief Explanation of Major Pressure Vessel Parts10 points to keep in mind while using project-specific pressure vessel nozzle load tables during stress analysis.Understanding Pressure and Temperature in the context of Pressure Vessel DesignA Presentation on Vessel Clips or Vessel CleatsFew Articles related to Heat Exchanger BasicsJob Opportunities for you