What is a Restriction Orifice (RO)? Its Applications, Types, Working, and Sizing
A restriction orifice is a device designed to control the flow of fluids by introducing a deliberate constriction in the flow path. It functions by reducing the diameter of the pipeline at a specific...
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Sources, Signs & Symptoms, Prevention
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless toxic gas that exists in minute concentrations in the atmosphere, typically less than 0.001%. Despite its seemingly benign presence,...
The Indian Boiler Regulations (IBR) are a crucial set of standards that ensure the safe and efficient operation of boilers and pressure vessels in India. Designed to protect life, property, and the...
Christmas Tree and Wellhead: Function, Components, Differences, Design Codes
In the world of oil and gas production, the terms "Christmas tree" and "wellhead" hold significant importance. These components are crucial for the safe and efficient extraction of hydrocarbons from...
Caesar II Error “Could Not Open TEMPMAT”- Steps to Overcome it
Sometimes, while working with Caesar II software during opening a CAESAR II Piping Input file, many of you might have come across an error similar to the one shown in Fig. 1 (Could not open TEMPMAT)....
Air Cooled Heat Exchangers (ACHE) are one of the heat exchanger types frequently used in Process, Power, Steel, and several other Industries where a process system generates heat that must be...
