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A36 Steel is the most extensively used structural steel material for construction purposes. This carbon steel material is designated by ASTM as ASTM A36 or A36 steel. Containing a maximum of 0.29% carbon, A36 steel is strong, ductile, formable, tough, and weldable. All these properties help A36 steel to be used for multipurpose applications. A36 steel is produced in a variety of forms like plates, bars, girders, structural shapes, etc. In the following paragraphs, we will learn about A36 steel properties and their key attributes. Chemical Composition of A36 steel ASTM A36 is a mild steel or low carbon steel having carbon amount less than 0.3% by weight. Presence of low amount of carbon makes A36 steel to have properties like good formability, weldability, machinability, and ductility. A36 usually contains some other elements like Silicon, Copper, Manganese, Phosphorus, Sulfur, etc. Also, depending on the product form the chemical compositions of A36 steel vary slightly. Typical chemical compositions for ASTM A36 steel are provided in Table-1 below. A36 Steel Product formC (wt%)Si (wt%)Mn (percentage by weight)P (wt%)S (wt%)Cu (wt%)A36 Structural Shapes with thickness 75 mm0.260.40.85-1.350.040.15-0.400.2Plates with thickness 20 mm to up to 40 mm.0.250.40.80-1.200.030.030.2A36 Steel Plates with thickness >40 mm to up to 65 mm.0.260.15-0.400.80-1.200.030.030.2A36 Steel Plates with thickness >65 mm to up to 100 mm.0.270.15-0.400.85-1.200.030.030.2A36 Steel Plates with thickness >100 mm0.290.15-0.400.85-1.200.030.030.2A36 bars with thickness 20 mm to up to 40 mm.0.270.40.60-0.900.040.050.2A36 Steel Bars with thickness >40 mm to up to 100 mm.0.280.40.60-0.900.040.050.2A36 Steel Bars with thickness >100 mm0.290.40.60-0.900.040.050.2Table-1: Chemical Compositions of A36 Steel Properties of A36 Steel The properties of A36 steel can be grouped into two classes: Mechanical properties of A36 Steel andPhysical properties of A36 Steel. A36 Steel Mechanical Properties The mechanical properties of A36 steel relevant for structural steel application are provided in Table-2 below: Mechanical properties of A36 SteelValuesA36 steel product types/NotesUltimate tensile strength, MPa (ksi)400-550 (58-80)For Shapes, Plates, and BarsYield strength, MPa (ksi)250 (36)Thickness ≤ 200mm (8 in)Yield strength, MPa (ksi)220 (32)Steel plates thickness > 200mm (8 in.)Elongation, %20Plates and Bars in 200 mm (8 in.)Elongation, %23Plates and Bars in 50 mm (2 in.)Brinell hardness, HB119-162As per the conversion from tensile strengthRockwell Hardness, Rockwell B67-83As per the conversion from tensile strengthCharpy V-Notch Impact Test, J ( ft·lbf)27 (20)Structural shapes, alternate core locationModulus of elasticity (Young’s modulus), GPa (ksi)200 (29×103) Shear modulus, GPa (ksi)79.3 (11.5×103) Bulk Modulus, Gpa (ksi)140 (20.3X103)Poissons ratio0.26 Table-2: A36 Steel Mechanical Properties Physical properties of A36 Steel The physical properties of A36 steel is listed below: Density of A36 Steel: 7850 Kg/m3Range of Melting Point: 1425 to 15380 C (2600-28000F). Advantages of A36 Steel There are various advantages of A36 steel like Cheaper.Very good performance and strengthHigh durability.Easily recyclable.Can be easily joined by bolting/riveting. Applications of A36 Steel Material Because of the above-mentioned benefits, A36 steel is used as the base material for structural and construction applications. Based on the thickness and corrosion resistance of the material, A36 steel is used for the following applications: Structural shapes like H-beams, I-beams, and channelsUsed in the construction of warehouses, industrial and commercial structures, buildings (including pre-fabricated buildings), pipes, enclosures, tubings, cabinets, and housings.Used in tanks, forming bins, rings, jigs, bearing plates, forgings, cams, templates, stakes, fixtures, sprockets, forgings, brackets, gears, base plates, automotive equipment, machinery parts, ornamental works, stakes, agricultural equipment, and frames.To make components in the automotive, construction, heavy equipment, and oil and gas industries. A36 Steel Equivalent EN S275 and S235J2 steel is equivalent to A36 Steel A36 Steel vs 1018 Both 1018 and A36 steel are highly useful mild steel grades. 1018 steel comes in cold-drawn or hot-rolled form and contains 0.18% carbon. The main differences between A36 steel vs 1018 steel are provided in Table-3 below: ParameterA36 Steel1018 SteelCompositionA36 Steel contains 0.26% Carbon, and 0.75% Manganese1018 Steel contains 0.18% Carbon and 0.6 to 0.9 % Manganese.StrengthTensile strength of A36 steel is 58 ks and yield strength is 36.3 ksiThe tensile and yield strength of 1018 steel are higher than A36 steel. The yield strength is 53.7 ksi and tensile strength is 63 ksi.ElongationElongation of A36 steel is more than 1018 steelLess elongation as compared to A36 steelCostA36 steel is cheaper than 1018 steel1018 steel is costlier than A36 steel.UsesA36 Steel is widely preferred for structural applications.1018 Steel is preferred for machining and finishing applications.Table-3: A36 steel vs 1018 Steel