Who is a piping designer? – What Is Piping: All about Piping Engineering

Piping Design Engineer, Piping Layout Engineer, or Piping Designer are piping professionals who design the piping network of the complete plant. Piping Designing means deciding the overall plant layout, the equipment location, the Plot Plan, the pipe routing, the development of the 2D or 3D CAD models, and finally the piping isometrics. Broadly Piping Design Engineers or Piping Designers perform a maximum of the piping design work scope. A smaller part is performed by Piping Materials Engineers and Piping Stress Engineers in a different manner. Piping design is a very critical activity. It requires knowledge of various aspects. As the maximum part of any plant is covered by piping and equipment and structures are connected to piping, it is very important that piping design must be proper. Failure to any single part can cause serious damage to the plant. So piping engineers and designers should follow their duty with utmost care. In the following paragraphs, I will present a list of the most basic points that a good piping designer or piping design engineer should know. Pipes, Pipe Fittings, Piping Components All piping designers /piping design engineers should be aware of the broad spectrum of piping and piping related items. This translates to different types of fittings (elbow, tee, reducer, etc.),different piping schedules,variety of common piping materials (CS, LTCS, SS, DSS, HDPE, GRE, etc.),flange pressure class ratings (150#, 300#, 600#, 900#, 1500#, etc.) andvarious types of different valves and their functions. Codes, Standards, Specifications, Guidelines All piping design engineers/ designers should be aware of important design points from relevant Codes (ASME B31.3, ASME B 31.1, etc. as applicable), Standards (API or ASME standards), Specifications (Company Material Class and other specifications) and Guidelines (Local Company guidelines like Shell DEP rules, Norsok standards, etc). The more conversant with such documents the piping engineer/designer be, the less time he will be taking for designing activity. Interaction with other Engineering groups All piping designers/ piping layout engineers need to understand the activities and roles of all the other engineering and design groups on the project. He should be aware of the complete workflow process. These include Process, Static Equipment, Rotary Equipment, Civil, Structural, Electrical and Instruments/Control Systems. All these groups contribute to a large extent to Piping's success and vice versa. Piping Design Execution The success of Piping Design activities are closely linked to P&IDs, equipment GA drawings, instrument drawings, stress analysis, and structural support design. So a good piping design engineer/piping designer must be able to identify the areas where the piping design is being held up. Software Tool Knowledge In recent times all piping design activities are performed in various commercial software like PDS, PDMS, SP3D, E3D, AutoCAD, etc. So the design engineer should be knowledgable in operating the required software for the project. He must also be aware of other software like Navisworks, SPR, MS-office, etc. Fig. 1: Sample 3D piping design model Working knowledge of Process Documents All piping designers and engineers need to be able to read and understand one of the most basic process document called P&ID (Piping and Instrument Diagram) or PEFS (Process Engineering Flow Scheme). Piping Design Engineer should know how to extract data from P&ID and use those in Piping Design. Throughout the complete detailed design phase, P&ID will be the master navigator of piping design. Basic Process Variables The design engineer/designer must be well aware of a few basic process variables like pressure, temperature, flow, and level. Also, the instrumentation used to regulate and/or measure these variables are very important parameters for piping designer/layout engineer. Drawing Content All piping engineers and designers must know to present their designs following company standard templates. Drawing content and standard dimensioning practices must be pre-decided in order to clearly communicate the designs to construction and fabrication personnel. Preliminary knowledge of Process Equipment Knowing and understanding different types of process equipment (Vessels, Pumps, Heat exchangers, Reactors, Fired Heaters, Compressors, Flares, Tanks, etc) is an added advantage for all piping designers/engineers. They should be aware of the piping related issues for each type of equipment and piping design rules governed by the equipment. Piping engineer/ designer should know that a few types of equipment have the nozzles fixed by the manufacturer and for other the piping designer should locate the nozzles. Preliminary knowledge of the operational, maintenance, and installation/construction issues for each equipment is very important. Piping from Equipment All the piping design engineers and piping designers should know the piping rules to be followed for different kinds of equipment along with maintenance/operational space requirements. Allowable pipe spans for pipe supporting All designers should know the use of piping support spans and guide spans for preliminary pipe supporting. Piping with different materials and schedules have different spans. Also, these spans may change based on temperature and fluid being transported. Fig. 2: Typical model by a piping designer Preliminary Knowledge of Piping expansion It's always advantageous to have preliminary knowledge of the expansion of different piping materials for different temperatures. In recent times various software like Pipe Data Pro easily provides these data. However, knowing how to use that data efficiently is very important. The thermal growth or thermal movement with an increase or decrease in temperature must be allowed for and incorporated in the overall design. Care should be taken that one line is not hitting the other line and sufficient spacing should be provided. Additionally, these expansion data will be used for expansion loop design and shoe/support length design. Designing and Locating Piping Expansion loops All piping design engineers and the piping designers should know the use of simple rules and methods for sizing expansion loops for the most common sizes, schedules, and materials. Basic knowledge of flexibility while pipe routing All piping engineers/ designers must understand the concept of adding flexibility. Normally critical lines are checked by Piping Stress Engineers to have required flexibility. But non-critical lines are routed by piping design engineers or piping designers. Hence, he must be aware of providing flexibility while pipe routing. Impact of Piping Insulation Requirement The piping engineer should know the impact of insulation on piping, mainly on supporting and support loading. Heat Tracing All piping designers/engineers should be aware of the purpose of process heat tracing, know the different methods (Jacketing, Tracer Tubing or Electric), Tracer commodity (Steam, Oil, Hot Water, etc.) and Tracer system requirements and be able to design heat tracing circuitry. Piping Deliverables All piping professionals should know the purposes of each of the piping deliverables, like plot plans, key plans, piping plans and sections, GA Drawings, and isometrics. Impact of Weight and loads The effects of weight and loading should be known to every piping design engineer/piping designer. They need to have access to basic weight tables for all the standard pipe schedules, pipe fittings, flanges, valves for steel pipe. Specific Pipe Routing Rules like Rack Piping, Vessel piping, Exchanger Piping, etc. All piping engineers or designers should know specific considerations for equipment piping, their support, impact on nozzle loading, etc. Fabrication and Construction methods Understanding shop spool fabrication, modularization, and field erection construction methods are important for a good piping engineer or piping designer. Plant Economics Last but not the least, Optimized and Economic pipe routing is very important to reduce project costs and increase profitability. Hence, piping design activities must be performed to be aware of the economic aspects. Professionals, who possess such knowledge and applies this knowledge in project work constantly is undoubtedly a very good piping design engineer or piping designer or piping layout engineer.