What is a Restriction Orifice? Applications, Types, Working, and Sizing of Restriction Orifice (PDF)
What is a Restriction Orifice? Restriction orifice or RO, in short, is a flow control instrument device whose primary function to provide a restriction to the flow so that a controlled or...
What is IBR (Indian Boiler Regulation)? Indian Boiler Regulation or IBR is an independent body that provides boiler manufacturing guidelines in India and regulates it. Indian Boiler Regulation...
Christmas Tree and Wellhead: Function, Components, Difference, Design Codes (With PDF)
What is a Christmas Tree? In petroleum and natural gas extraction, a Christmas tree, or "tree", is an assembly of a multi-valved structure consisting of valves, spools, and fittings used to...
Air Cooled Heat Exchangers are one of the heat exchanger types frequently used in Process, Power, Steel, and several other Industries where a process system generates heat that must be removed, for...
What is PWHT? The full form of PWHT is Post-weld heat treatment. PWHT is a controlled process that involves reheating the metal below its lower critical transformation temperature, following a...
Piping Elbow or Bend SIF (Stress Intensification Factor) (With PDF)
What is Stress Intensification Factor or SIF? The term SIF (Stress Intensification Factor) is too confusing for many of the piping engineers. That's why the following article is taken to explain...
