What is a Manifold Valve? Types of Manifold Valves

Written by Anup Kumar Dey in Instrumentation,Piping Design Basics,Piping Interface

A manifold valve is an essential component of pressure and differential pressure transducers. The main function of a manifold valve is to block or isolate the fluid flow to isolate process media from pressure instrumentation. The inclusion of a valve manifold in a tool helps it to be replaced or calibrated without requiring a shutdown. In this article, we will learn about different types of manifold valves.

What is a Manifold Valve?

A valve manifold is a hydraulic system component that consists of one or more block or isolation valves. Common valves that form a valve manifold are ball, needle, bleed, and vent valves. A block and bleed system in the form of a manifold valve keeps the upstream fluid from coming into touch with the downstream components by separating the fluid flow in the system.

Types of Manifold Valves

Depending on the design configuration and the number of valves, manifold valves are classified as follows:

2-way valve manifolds,
3-way valve manifolds, and
5-way valve manifolds.

2-Way Valve Manifold

A 2-way manifold valve or 2-valve manifold is designed in a single block with a combination of an isolation valve and a calibration/vent (bleed) valve. They have a male or female screwed inlet and outlet ports. The block valve is designated with a blue handle, whereas the bleed valve is designated with a red handle.

They are usually produced in 316 stainless steel with standard PTFE valve packing. 2-way valves are available as in-line type, L-shaped, or Y-shaped configurations.

3-Way Manifold Valve

A 3-valve manifold or 3-way valve manifold consists of two block valves and one equalizing valve. Differential pressure transmitters are typical examples that use 3-way manifold valves. The block valves are identified with blue handles whereas the equalization valve is usually provided with a green handle. During normal operation, the block valves are open and the equalizing valve is closed.

The block valves in a 3-way manifold valve provide instrument isolation. The equalizing valve is positioned between the high and low process connections of the pressure instrument and it provides equal pressures on both sides.

The 3-valve manifold is rarely utilized in the oil and gas industry due to the lack of a test connection. Some 3-valve manifolds are provided with a blocked test connection.

5-Way Manifold Valve

A 5-way manifold valve or 5-valve manifold has two block valves, one equalizing valve, and two vent or test valves. The block valves on the high and low-pressure sides are designated with blue handles, the equalization valve in a green handle, and the bleed valves are designated with red handles.

During normal operation, the block valves remain open but the bleed and equalizing valves are kept closed. A typical example of the use of a 5-way manifold valve is a differential pressure transmitter. To test the transmitter’s zero, the block valve is closed and the equalizing valve is opened. To calibrate the transmitter for 3 or 5-point calibration, the test valve is connected to a pressure generator once the pressure has been equalized.

Characteristics of a Manifold Valve

The typical characteristic of a manifold valve are:

Anti-rotational thrust brush to provide pressure-tight sealing, consistent packing compression, and minimum cold flow channels.
Bonnet/body washer with on-site bonnet retrofitting with a 100% re-sealing guarantee.
T bar for ease of operation.
Dual cap.
Gland adjuster lock nut.
Adjustment of the gland packing to compensate for gland wear.
Anti-blowout spindle with high-quality micro mirror stem finishing to provide positive gland sealing.
Gland packing with the least amount of air adjustment for optimum sealing.
A bubble-tight shutoff spindle tip. It ensures leakage-free performance and downstream functional safety for the user.

Manifold Valve Body Type

Manifold valves are available in two basic body styles; horizontal style manifold and vertical style manifold. The actual orientation of the manifold valve’s main body is decided by these styles.

Mounting of Manifold valves

Manifold valves are mounted in two styles of manifold installation. they are

Direct mounting, and
Indirect mounting or distant mounting

Direct Mounting

In the direct mount style, the manifold valve is directly mounted to the pressure instruments. Flange and threaded connectors are generally used in direct-mount valves.

Direct Mount Manifold valve provides the following advantages:

Less expensive maintenance and installation
Fewer leak points
Integrated valves
The system is still hard piped

Indirect mounting or Distant Mounting

Also known as remote mounting manifold, indirect mounting allows the manifold valve installation away from the instruments using threaded connections. Flexible or rigid piping is generally used to connect a pressure instrument to the manifold.

The advantages that indirect mounting serves are:

Easier maintenance and installation
The piping is mounted to the transmitter
Uses standard instrument manifolds
Uses tubing and tube fittings

Benefits of Using a Valve Manifold

Valve manifolds find a range of applications, starting from small mobile devices to large industrial complexes. There are various advantages that manifold valve provides to the system. Some of the common benefits are:

Reduction of pressure and heat loss due to shorter flow pathways.
Increasing energy efficiency.
Compact installation.
Lower installation expenses.
The number of fluid connections is reduced.
Oil leaks and maintenance are reduced due to fewer connections.

What is a 3D Point Cloud? Tools, Features, and Applications of Point Cloud

Written by Anup Kumar Dey in Piping Design Basics

A point cloud is a database of points that represent a digital 3D physical object or space in the 3D coordinate system. It consists of millions of individual measurement points with an x, y, and z coordinate. 3D Point cloud is a highly accurate digital record of an object. Point clouds are utilized to generate 3D meshes and other models for 3D modeling. Various engineering and medical fields including medical imaging, 3D printing, manufacturing, architecture, 3D gaming, and virtual reality (VR) applications make extensive use of 3D point clouds.

Based on the sensors used and the method to capture the cloud, each point can also include RGB color data or intensity information. These data reflect the return strength of the laser pulse that generated the point. Note that, points in each 3D point cloud are always located on the external surfaces of the visible objects. Ray of light from the scanner is reflected from the object to create these spots.

The denser the points in the point cloud, the more detailed is the object representation capturing even smaller details. The process by which these point cloud data are converted into a 3D model is known as point cloud processing. The time taken to create a point cloud depends on the number of required scans and the density of scanning. The normal mobile scanner takes much lesser time compared to advanced scanners.

Generation of a Point Cloud

A point cloud is usually captured using any of the following two tools:

Laser Scanners or
Photogrammetry

Laser Scanners for 3D Point Cloud

A laser scanner includes various sensors and advanced technologies to gather hundreds of thousands of extremely accurate measurements per second. They also include an RGB camera to add color to the point cloud, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). A variety of types of laser scanners are produced to meet a specific range of applications. A terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) provides the absolute highest accuracy. Accordingly, they are used for specialized applications like measuring beam deflection, capturing a single object like a car or machine, or analyzing floor flatness with extremely high accuracy.

Mobile laser scanners can also be used to capture point clouds with up to 4mm accuracy. For normal building documentation projects, mapping active sites like factories, etc where extreme accuracy is not desired these mobile scanners will serve the purpose. Usually, laser scanners provide higher accuracy data than photogrammetry.

Photogrammetry for 3D Point Cloud

Photogrammetry is basically a methodology to generate a point cloud. In this process, cameras are used to capture the space/object from all angles, and then process those images using specialized software to reconstruct the object/space in 3D. Drones are widely used to capture point clouds.

Features of the Point Cloud

The main technical characteristics of point clouds are:

The Point Cloud obtained after scanning usually contains many unwanted elements like shadow areas, scaffolding, steam clouds, work machinery, etc. These must be cleaned to avoid difficulties.
Point clouds in 3D only provide data concerning the position, measurements, and geometry of an object. However, they lack the rest of the object’s information which the user needs to establish.
The quality of the scanner is of utmost importance as the scan helps to locate, identify, and take references to objects in the obtained spherical photograph or bubble view.
The 3D Scanner tool is suitable for all existing work including overhauling, extensions, dismantling, etc.
A point cloud is a fundamental part of an “As-built”. The point cloud system complements traditional paper documents and material lists.
Point cloud systems generate the exact copy of something that already exists.
The formats used for point cloud generation must be exportable and manageable in different design and visualization programs like E3D, Smart Plant 3D, PDS, MicroStation, or Autocad.

Applications of Point Cloud

As point cloud provides an accurate, comprehensive, and precise digital picture of a real object, it provides huge value in a wide spectrum of applications. Some of the most common applications are:

Construction Progress Tracking: By regularly capturing the point cloud data, the construction progress of any plant can easily be measured.

Building Information Modeling (BIM): By processing the point cloud data in a specialized BIM modeling software, accurate and comprehensive models can be generated.

Floor Planning: Point cloud can easily be used to generate a floor plan for any structure.

Operational 3D Model Creation: Point clouds are extensively used to generate an operational 3D model of any asset.

As-Built: Point cloud software eliminates costly and time-consuming site visits and allows the designer/architect to visualize and convey new concepts. Point cloud has become popular for all design industries as it gives an instant virtual model to test ideas with.

Inspection and Measurement: Point clouds are also used to create 3D CAD models for manufactured parts, for metrology and quality inspection, and for a multitude of visualization, rendering, animation, and mass customization applications, check deformations over time, etc.

What is a Slurry Pump? Selection and Types of Slurry Pumps

Written by Anup Kumar Dey in Mechanical

As the slurry is highly abrasive, thick, corrosive, and contains a high concentration of solids, it is very challenging to move it. For pumps also, it is very tough. But with a proper selection of slurry pumps, the operation can be smooth for long-term performance. In this article, we will discuss the basics of slurry pumps, their working, types, and selection.

What are Slurry Pumps?

Slurry pumps are heavy-duty and robust pumps (majorly centrifugal) that are capable of handling tough and abrasive fluids like slurries.

Some examples of industries that handle slurries are mining, dredging, steel processing, foundries, power generation, drilling mud, pulp and paper, wastewater treatment, mineral processing, etc. Due to the presence of solid particles and their highly thick and viscous nature, slurry movement requires more power than normal fluids. So, specially designed heavy-duty pumps are required to work as slurry pumps.

Selection of Slurry Pumps

There are various types of pumps that can pump slurries. However, the selection of exact slurry pumps depends on some critical considerations as listed below:

Type of Slurry to be handled including the size and nature of the solid particles present.
Corrosive property of the slurry mainly to decide pump material for the service.
Pipe size – the pipe ID must be considerably bigger than the maximum particle size.
Static head requirements; and
Available NPSH
Length of slurry pipe or pipeline
Pump operating parameters specifically discharge pressure and speed, the lower the better.
Cost

Slurry Pump Components

There are six basic components in a slurry pump. They are:

Impeller: Two options to choose from, closed impeller or open impeller.
Shell: Two options to select from; Solid single-piece or split shells.
Drive Control: Three types of drive control; Belt drive, gearbox drive, or direct connection of the motor with the shaft.
Suction plate liner
Shaft seals: Three design options; Stuffing box, mechanical seal, or expeller.
Bearing Assembly

Types of Slurry Pumps

Based on the working methodology, there are two types of pumps that are used to handle slurries.

Centrifugal slurry pump and
Positive displacement slurry pump

Centrifugal Slurry Pumps

The most common type of slurry pump is the centrifugal pump with a larger impeller, thicker vanes, and more horsepower. The working of the centrifugal slurry pump is quite simple. They use the centrifugal force generated by a rotating impeller which pushes the slurry to move through the discharge.

When choosing a centrifugal slurry pump the following should be decided:

To minimize the wear of the impeller, a recessed type large and thick open impeller can be used. Closed impellers should be avoided.
Metal casing with proper thickness and rubber lining to be considered.
Cavitation issues.

Positive Displacement Slurry Pumps

When a low slurry flow rate with improved flow control and greater efficiency is desired, a positive displacement slurry pump is more suitable. Common positive displacement pumps used for slurry service are

Rotary lobe pumps
Screw pumps
Diaphragm pump
Peristaltic pumps
Gear pumps, and
Progressive cavity pumps

Click here to learn the main differences between centrifugal and positive displacement pumps

Again, depending on the installation of the slurry pumps, they are categorized as follows:

Horizontal slurry pumps
Vertical slurry pumps
Submersible slurry pumps.

Horizontal Slurry Pumps

Horizontal slurry pumps have their hydraulic end and the drive unit is located outside the sump. This group of slurry pumps is manufactured for a wide range of head, flow conditions, and material options. Horizontal slurry pumps usually use standardized electrical motors and seals. They are not suitable for plants where there is a risk of flooding.

Vertical Slurry Pumps

There are two types of vertical slurry pumps:

Tank pumps
Cantilever/sump pumps

Tank pumps are dry-installed pumps. The sump is incorporated into the pump. Their open sump and vertical inlet prevent air blocking, which provides a smooth operation. They don’t have submerged bearings or shaft seals, but quite a long shaft overhang from the lower bearing to the impeller.

Cantilever/sump pumps are considered semi-dry installed, as the hydraulic end is lowered into the slurry, but the drive unit and support structure are dry installed. There are no submerged bearings or shaft seals similar to tank pumps, but they have a long shaft overhang.

Submersible Slurry Pumps

Submersible slurry pumps are usually positioned at the bottom of a tank, pond, or lagoon. The slurry materials are taken in at the pump suction and passed through a hose connected to the discharge valve.

Submersible pumps provide a lot of benefits as listed below:

As they directly operate in the slurry, they do not need an additional support structure. Hence, submersible slurry pumps occupy less space.
The motor and volute of submersible slurry pumps are integrated into a single unit. Hence, they are compact and easy to install.
As they operate underwater, they generate low noise and so silent operation.
The surrounding fluid cools the motor which results in smaller and more efficient sumps.
Several installation modes, all of which are either portable or semi-permanent. So, they are enough flexible.

There are other types of classification of slurry pumps as well like Self-priming slurry pumps and flooded suction slurry pumps.

Self-Priming slurry pumps operate from land. A hose is connected to the pump’s intake valve through which the pump draws the slurry to discharge the material.

The flooded suction slurry pump is connected to a tank or hopper. It uses gravity force to move slurry and liquid from the enclosure. They are placed at the bottom or below the water and use the gravity force to continuously fill the pump and then pass the material out through the discharge valve.

Slurry Pump Installations

Depending on the environmental condition, there are three types of slurry pump installations:

Wet Environment– This type of slurry pump installation involves submerging the product fully for underwater operations.
Dry Environment– In a dry environment, the pump drives and bearings are kept away from the abrasive slurry. It calls for a horizontal pump as the shell, impeller, suction liner, and shaft sleeve have to be on the wet side.
Semi-Dry Environment– Since it’s an unusual scenario, a special type of horizontal slurry pump installation is preferred.

What Is White Rust? Its Formation, Prevention, and Treatment

Written by Anup Kumar Dey in Engineering Materials,Health & Safety,Inspection and Testing,Maintenance,Mechanical

Galvanized steel is widely used to protect steel from rust or corrosion. A thin coating of zinc is fused to the steel surface in the galvanization process which prevents the steel from to expose on a corrosive environment. But, that same zinc layer can form its own rust known as white rust. In this article, we will discuss white rust, its formation, and its prevention.

What is White Rust?

White rust is a localized corrosion attack on zinc surfaces and appears as a white, chalky substance as a deposit. This is rapid corrosion and is usually formed when zinc is exposed to oxygen and hydrogen. White rust is also known as white storage stain.

White rust is more predominant on new zinc-coated steel products. This deposit damages the appearance of steel and gradually consumes the complete zinc coating. White rust is basically zinc hydroxide formed due to the chemical reaction of zinc with air and water in wet conditions.

What Causes White Rust?

White rust appears on a freshly galvanized steel material when it is put into service in contact with water, or hydrogen dioxide. During these initial days, the zinc layer is the most prone to white rust on steel attacks.

However, older zinc surfaces can also be corroded by white rust when the surfaces are exposed to high pH, very high conductivity water, or when the old surfaces are aggressively cleaned.

When galvanized steel is stored for future use, moisture (rain, dew, condensation) can easily be trapped between individual items without adequate air circulation which may lead to the formation of white rust. So, basically, the following factors contribute the most to the formation of white rust:

Climate (Wet)
Air Circulation (Poor Ventilation)
Storage method and Place (Tightly packed storing where moisture can trap and stay for extended periods)

Is White Rust Bad?

The formation of white rust highly damages the appearance. Also, sometimes they make the coating useless and the base product (Steel) again becomes prone to corrosion attack. So, white rust is not desirable and must be controlled or eliminated.

**Fig. 1: Typical White Rust on Galvanized Steel**

Prevention of White Rust

There are several ways that can be followed to prevent the formation of white rust. Some of those methods are:

Allowing the zinc to form stable oxides prior to exposure to moisture.
Avoid exposure to water (Outside products must be covered with a ventilated waterproof covering)
Eliminate the possibility of condensation (Water repellent or barrier coatings can be provided)
Using passivating chemicals or oils to prevent the oxidation of the zinc.
Store galvanized steel products in a well-ventilated dry location.
Avoid exposing the cold zinc material to a warm environment

Repairing White Rust/ White Rust Treatment

There are certain industry-standard treatment methods that can be followed to repair galvanized steel from white rust. The treatment procedures depend on the severity of the white rust damage.

Light White Rusting: When a light film of white powdery residue of white rust is formed on the product surface, it can easily be removed by a stiff nylon brush. When brushing alone is insignificant, a mixture of mineral oil and sawdust can be used on the surface.

Moderate White rusting: When the stain is moderate, it can be removed by washing with a 10% (by volume) acetic acid solution and then thoroughly rinsing with water to neutralize the surface. Stiff brush nylon can be used. Before restacking the sheets need to be made completely dry.

Severe White Rusting: For severe white rusting, the zinc hydroxide corrosion can be dissolved using weak acidic solutions like vinegar. A solution of 5% (by volume) of phosphoric acid in water along with a wetting agent can also be effective. After cleaning, the products need to be immediately well-rinsed and then thoroughly dried.

A coating thickness check needs to be performed to decide the extent of the galvanized coating damage to understand if the same product can be put into service or need reinstatement of the coating.

What is a Fire Pump? Working, Sizing, and Types of Fire Pumps

Written by Anup Kumar Dey in Health & Safety,Mechanical

Fire pumps are one of the essential components of most water-based fire protection systems, especially for high-rise taller buildings and structures. Their main job is to increase the water pressure when the water source does not have adequate pressure to supply the system. In this article, we will discuss the working and types of fire water pumps.

Working Principle of a Fire Water Pump

A fire water pump consists of a driver and a controller. Each pump works in any one of the following two working principles:

Centrifugal-type fire water pumps generate centrifugal forces by rotating their impeller and throwing the water from the center of the impeller to the outer parts of the impeller. On the other hand, positive displacement type fire water pumps take a selected amount of liquid as input and use mechanical action to displace that through the outlet. In general, they use pistons, gears, vanes, lubes, etc to increase the liquid pressure while discharging.

Centrifugal fire water pumps are used for high flow rates to provide a constant water flow mainly for buildings, utility stations, etc. Positive displacement-type fire water pumps are best suited for non-water services, specifically for foam concentrate or water mist systems.

A fire pump in a fire sprinkler system normally receives water from either an underground water supply or a water tank, lake, or reservoir. These pumps are is powered by electricity or diesel fuel. The high pressure supplied by the fire pumps helps in the proper distribution of water through the sprinkler system and hose standpipes.

Types of Firewater Pumps

Depending on the working philosophy mentioned above there are two main types of fire water pumps; Centrifugal and Positive displacement. All these fire pumps can again be sub-divided into various types as listed below:

Centrifugal Fire Water Pump
- Horizontal and Vertical Split-Case Pump
- Vertical Turbine Pump
- In-Line Pump
- End Suction Pump
- Multistage Multiport Pump
Positive Displacement Fire Water Pumps

Centrifugal Fire Water Pumps

Centrifugal fire pumps are the most widely used fire pumps. They can handle a large volume of water. The common sub-types of centrifugal fire pumps are discussed below:

Horizontal and Vertical Split-Case Pumps

Horizontal Split case pumps are very reliable fire pumps with long lifespans and size availability. They are available in a wide range of rated flow and pressure capacities and are thus suitable for a range of fire-water applications. In a horizontal split-case pump, the flow is divided and enters the impeller from opposite sides of the pump housing. The pump has a split casing (and hence the name) that is easy to open during pump maintenance. The pump is connected to the driver by a horizontal shaft.

A Vertical split casing pump is almost similar to that of a Horizontal split casing pump. But the orientation of the pump and motor are vertical. The vertical motor placement consumes less floor space and the
motor is protected against potential flooding conditions. Both horizontal and vertical split case pumps require a water source providing a positive suction pressure.

Vertical Turbine Pumps

The fire protection pump standard NFPA 20 allows vertical turbine pumps for fire water systems. They have the ability to start with negative pressure and can take water input from a below-grade source. They are available in a range of pressures and capacities and have diesel or electric drivers.

This type of fire pump is available as oil-lubricated enclosed-line-shaft and water-lubricated open-line-shaft pumps. Both vertical turbine pump types are designed for installation in drilled wells, lakes, streams, open swamps, and other subsurface sources.

In-Line Pumps

When there is limited space, in-line pumps are widely used. They can have both vertical and horizontal shafts, but the vertical shaft is the most common. Vertical in-line fire pumps provide a smooth flow of water throughout the system. This type of fire pump has a very low initial cost but they are expensive to repair. Their capacity is limited and only used with an electric driver.

End Suction Top Discharge Pump

An end suction fire pump has its discharge perpendicular to the suction inlet. They are compact and need less space as compared to horizontal split case fire pumps but have a limited capacity. End suction fire pumps are available with either an electric driver or a diesel driver.

Multistage Multiport Pump

Multistage Multiport fire pumps have multiple impellers in series in a single casing driven by a horizontal shaft. The casing has multiple discharge outlets that deliver fluids at different pressures. There is an increase in pressure in each consecutive series impeller. They can be run by an electric motor or a diesel engine.

There are certain benefits of using a multiport fire pump as listed below:

The number of pumps required will reduce.
Comparatively less pipe work and fewer valves.
Reduced structural loads and associated costs as only one pump may be required
Due to less electricity or fuel to drive only one pump energy is saved.
Pollution is also reduced.

Positive Displacement Fire Pumps

As compared to centrifugal fire pumps, positive displacement fire pumps generate very high pressures but they have limited flow volume. They come in two main types, reciprocating and rotary. The use of positive displacement fire pumps is not common and is limited only to specialized applications with water mist and foam-water systems.

Fire Pump Drivers

As outlined in NFPA 20, there are three types of drivers to drive the impeller and shafts of a fire pump. They are:

Electrical motor,
Diesel engine, and
Steam turbine systems.

The most common type of driver is the electrical motor. Electrical motor drives are cost-effective and easy to operate. The motor takes electrical power to spin which spins the shaft connected to the impeller.

While a power source is not continuously available, the diesel engine is a good choice. The diesel motor is mounted on the same skid as the pump. Diesel engines use the power generated due to the combustion of fuel to turn the impeller. However, diesel engines need a lot of infrastructure and maintenance and a governor system to control the power.

Steam turbines as fire pump drivers are very rarely used. Steam turbines need a separate unit to generate steam and costly equipment like a boiler, steam generator, etc.

Sizing a Fire Pump

A fire pump must be designed properly to handle the most demanding fire sprinkler system. Incorrectly sized fire pumps can result in several problems like:

Improper system function.
Undeveloped spray patterns from sprinklers.
Insufficient pressure to hose valves.
Too much pressure, causing components to burst and break open while operating.

Hence, the first step of fire pump sizing is to identify the most demanding system. The standpipe is the most demanding system in most commercial buildings. The standpipe system design and the fire pump flow rate requirements are given in NFPA 14.

Next, the required pressure must be calculated. Pressure requirement can be calculated as (Demand at the top + static losses+ pipe friction losses – source water pressure). Other requirements are the size of the room where the fire pump will be installed.

If the sprinkler load is the most demanding then the fire pump must be designed based on the hydraulic demand of the sprinkler system.

Once the above parameters are known, a fire pump can be selected. NFPA Fire Protection Handbook provides enough guidelines for selecting the required fire pump.

Characteristics of a Fire Pump

The main characteristic feature that a fire pump should have are listed below:

Pump internals must be made from non-corrosive materials.
The pump selection must be based on the required NPSH value, flow, and head demand to avoid cavitation.
All fire pumps must have adequate power reserves.

Detailed Online Course on Pipe Stress Analysis (25 hours of Content) with Certificate + Free Trial Version of Pipe Stress Analysis Software

Written by Alex Matveev in Engineering Courses,Pipeline,Piping Design Basics,Piping Stress Analysis,Piping Stress Basics,Start-Prof

This course is created by an experienced pipe stress analysis software developer (15+ years experience), Ph.D. and covers all features of onshore above ground and underground piping and pipeline analysis. This course is based on the PASS/START-PROF software application, though it will be interesting for users of any other pipe stress analysis software tools as it contains a lot of theoretical information.

The course consists of video lectures, quizzes, examples, and handout materials.

Type: an on-demand online course.

Duration: 25 hours.

Course price: ~~200 USD~~ 30 USD.

Instructor: Alex Matveev, head of PASS/START-PROF Pipe Stress Analysis Software development team. Always available for your questions at Udemy, LinkedIn, Facebook

Who should attend

All process, piping, and mechanical engineers specialized in design and piping stress analysis for the specified industries:

Oil & Gas (Offshore/Onshore)
Chemical & Petrochemical
Power (Nuclear/ Non-Nuclear)
District Heating/Cooling
Water treatment
Metal industry

Training software

All trainees are provided with a free 30-day pipe stress analysis software license (PASS/START-PROF). How to get a free license

Certificate

After finishing the course, you will receive Certificates from both the Udemy and from PASS Team.

Detailed Training Agenda: Download the detailed training agenda in PDF.

Brief Summary of the Course

Introduction
Section 1. Working with PASS/START-PROF User Interface	339 min
Section 2. Piping Supports	138 min
Section 3. Stress Analysis Theory and Results Evaluation	237 min
Section 4. Underground Pipe Modeling	249 min
Section 5. Static and Rotating Equipment Modeling and Evaluation	244 min
Section 6. Expansion Joints, Flexible Hoses, Couplings	106 min
Section 7. Non-Metallic Piping Stress Analysis	99 min
Section 8. External Interfaces	65 min

Brief Course Summary

How to Enroll for the Course

Visit the Pipe Stress Analysis course page on Udemy

Then click Add to Cart or Buy Now and follow the instructions

What you will learn in this Course

Pipe stress analysis theory. Load types. Stress types. Bourdon effect. Creep effect in high-temperature piping, creep rupture usage factor (Appendix V B31.3)
ASME B31.1, ASME B31.3, ASME B31.4, ASME B31.5, ASME B31.8, ASME B31.9, ASME B31.12 code requirements for pipe stress analysis
How to use PASS/START-PROF software for pipe stress analysis
How to work with different load cases
How to model different types of piping supports, the spring selection
What are stress intensification and flexibility factors and how to calculate them using FEA and code requirements
How to model trunnion and lateral tees
How to model pressure vessels and columns connection: modeling local and global flexibility, WRC 297, WRC 537, FEA
How to model storage tank connection (API 650)
How to model connection to air-cooled heat exchanger API 661, fired heater API 560, API 530
How to model connection to Pump, Compressor, Turbine (API 610, API 617, NEMA SM23)
How to model buried pipelines: Submerged Pipelines, Long Radius Bends Modeling of Laying, Lifting, Subsidence, Frost Heaving, Fault Crossing, Landslide
Underground pipelines Seismic Wave Propagation, Pipe Buckling, Upheaval Buckling, Modeling of Pipe in Chamber, in Casing with Spacers. Electrical Insulation kit
Minimum design metal temperature calculation MDMT calculation, impact test
Modeling of Expansion Joints, Flexible Hoses, Couplings
Import and export to various software: CAESAR II, AVEVA, REVIT, PCF format, etc.
How to do Normal Modes Analysis and how to interpret results
ASME B31G Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipeline Calculation

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